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Chakavian or Čakavian'' ((クロアチア語:čakavski) ,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hjp.novi-liber.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=f1tiURA%3D&keyword=%C4%8Dakavski )〕 proper name: ''čakavica'' or ''čakavština'' ,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://hjp.novi-liber.hr/index.php?show=search_by_id&id=f1tiURI%3D&keyword=%C4%8Dakav%C5%A1tina )〕 own name: ''čokovski, čakavski, čekavski'') is a dialect of the Croatian language spoken by a minority of Croats. It has low mutual intelligibility with the Shtokavian dialect.〔(Mutual intelligibility of languages in the Slavic family )〕 There is much internal diversity, to the point where intelligibility between the northern and southern varieties of Chakavian is low.〔 All three main Croatian dialects are named after their word for "what?", which in Čakavian is ''ča'' or ''ca''. Chakavian is spoken mainly in the northeastern Adriatic: in Istria, Kvarner Gulf, in most Adriatic islands, and in the interior valley of Gacka, more sporadically in the Dalmatian littoral and central Croatia. Chakavian was the basis for the first literary standard of the Croats. Today, it is spoken almost entirely within Croatia's borders, apart from the Burgenland Croats in Austria and Hungary and a few villages in Slovenia. ==History== Chakavian is the oldest written Croatian dialect that had made a visible appearance in legal documents—as early as 1275 (Istrian land survey) and 1288 (Vinodol codex), the predominantly vernacular Chakavian is recorded, mixed with elements of Church Slavic. Many of these and other early Chakavian texts up to 17th century are mostly written in Glagolitic alphabet. Initially, the Chakavian dialect covered a much wider area than today, about two thirds of medieval Croatia: the major part of central and southern Croatia southwards of Kupa and westwards of Una river, as well as western and southwestern Bosnia and Herzegovina. During and after the Ottoman invasion and subsequent warfare (15th–19th centuries), the Chakavian area became significantly reduced. On the Croatian mainland it has recently been almost completely replaced by Shtokavian. It is therefore now spoken in a much smaller coastal area than indicated above. As expected, in over nine centuries Chakavian has undergone many phonetic, morphological and syntactical changes chiefly in the turbulent mainlands, but less in isolated islands. Yet, contemporary dialectologists are particularly interested in it since it has retained the old accentuation system characterized by a Proto-Slavic new rising accent (''neoacute'') and the old position of stress, and also numerous Proto-Slavic and some Proto-Indo-European archaisms in its vocabulary. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chakavian dialect」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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